Based on the meteorological data of 8 sets of microclimate monitoring stations in the grape producing area in east foothills region of Helan Mountain and Yinchuan national reference station in 2019, the climate difference between Yinchuan station and the representative station was compared and analyzed, and the vertical changes of meteorological elements at Meiyu Winery were analyzed. The microclimate differences at four wineries in the same climate zone and five sub-regions in different climate zones were analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) Meteorological elements at Meiyu Winery and Yinchuan station in the same region were significantly different. (2) The 10 cm soil temperature fluctuated most and 40 cm soil temperature was most stable on a typical sunny day. The daily average soil temperature on a typical sunny day in autumn and winter increased in the order of 10 cm<20 cm<40 cm, and it decreased in the order of 10 cm>20 cm>40 cm in spring and summer. There was no significant difference of relative humidity in each month, growing seasons and the whole year between 50 cm and 150 cm height. (3) In the same climatic zone, the microclimate was greatly affected by topography, altitude and soil type. The higher the gravel content was, the higher the temperature was; the higher the altitude was, the lower the humidity and the greater the wind speed were. precipitation during the growing season was most at Liushi Winery with a lower altitude in front of the mountain, and it was least at Hennessy Winery. (4) The precipitation, air relative humidity and photosynthetic active radiation gradually decreased, and the temperature gradually increased from south to north in five small winery regions in east foothills region of Helan Mountain.
Dew is an important part of vineyard water cycle, which plays a vital role in the regulation of vineyard microclimate, and it is also a necessary condition for the germination of microbial spores. Based on the hourly meteorological observation data during the growing period of wine grape from April to October at Yinchuan agro-meteorological station from 2003 to 2020 and microclimate station of Meiyu Chateau from 2019 to 2020 and the 10-minute leaf surface temperature data from a typical winery in the same area in June 2019, the leaf temperature and air temperature were compared, firstly. When the dewing temperature was less than leaf surface temperature, the dew occurred. Taking the vineyard of Meiyu Chateau as an example, the temporal variation characteristics of dewing temperature, dewing days, dewing duration and dewing time during the growing period of grape and its influencing factors in vineyards of eastern Helan Mountain area were analyzed. The results show that the monthly dewing temperature from April to October appeared single-peak pattern in vineyards of eastern Helan Mountain area, and it reached the peak in July and the minimum in October. In the past 18 years, the monthly dewing days and duration increased gradually during the growing period, and it was the most (longest) in September, while it was the least (shortest) in April, and their inter-annual changes were obvious. Dewing could occur in the whole day, but it mainly occurred from 17:00 to next 01:00, and the range of dewing time gradually increased from April to October, it was the widest in September and the narrowest in April. The dew point temperature was significantly positive correlated with the minimum temperature and precipitation, the dewing usually occurred before and after rainfall processes and under the low minimum temperature weathers. The pests and diseases had a closely relation with dewing, so when temperature was higher in the evening in September and October, the drying and ventilating was very important for preventing pests and diseases in the vineyard.
